February 21, 2026 - The Science Notes

Proteins and amino acids showing 3D protein folding, peptide bond formation, and primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures, with labeled amino acid side chains.

February 21, 2026 Biochemistry

Proteins and Amino Acids: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

Proteins are the molecular machines of life. Every cell in every living organism depends on proteins to survive, grow, communicate, and respond to the environment.... Read more

Infographic showing monocyte differentiation into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages via GM-CSF and LPS/IFN-gamma, and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages via M-CSF and IL-4, including 6-well plate culture steps and morphology differences.

February 21, 2026 Immunology

Monocyte Differentiation: Protocol for M1 and M2 Macrophage Polarization

In the sophisticated landscape of immunology, macrophages represent the frontline of innate immunity and the architects of tissue homeostasis. These cells are defined by their... Read more

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