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THE SCIENCE NOTES
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Category: Cell and Molecular Biology

Flowchart of iPSC lentiviral preparation, transduction, GFP monitoring, puromycin selection, clonal expansion, and validation workflow.
Posted on June 10, 2026 Cell and Molecular Biology

iPSC Lentiviral Transduction Protocol with GFP/Puromycin Selection

Detailed research-use protocol for human iPSC lentiviral transduction, including GFP monitoring, puromycin selection, clonal expansion, spin infection considerations, and QC. Read more

RNA-seq workflow infographic showing steps from experimental design to sequencing, data analysis, and reporting.
Posted on June 1, 2026June 1, 2026 Cell and Molecular Biology

RNA-Seq: Principles, Workflow, Data Analysis, and Applications in Transcriptomics

RNA sequencing, commonly called RNA-seq, is a high-throughput sequencing method used to study the transcriptome. The transcriptome includes the RNA molecules expressed in a cell,... Read more

Detailed biomedical illustration of human iPSC-derived liver organoids containing Kupffer cells, hepatic endoderm, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal cells for liver inflammation modeling.
Posted on May 1, 2026 Cell and Molecular Biology

Human iPSC-Derived Liver Organoids with Kupffer Cells: Protocol Overview, Research Value, and Applications

Human iPSC-derived liver organoids containing Kupffer cells provide a more advanced in vitro model for studying liver inflammation, immune-cell integration, hepatic dysfunction, and tissue repair. Read more

Illustration of CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockout in a human iPSC-derived macrophage, showing guide RNA targeting DNA inside the immune cell.
Posted on May 1, 2026 Cell and Molecular Biology

CRISPR Knockout in iPSC-Derived Macrophages: Optimized Workflow, Benefits, and Research Applications

Human iPSC-derived macrophages offer a scalable model for studying innate immunity, inflammation, and disease biology. This article explains how optimized CRISPR-Cas9 knockout workflows improve functional genomics research in these specialized immune cells. Read more

A comprehensive scientific diagram illustrating the eukaryotic cell cycle and a direct comparison between mitosis and meiosis. The left panel shows a continuous loop of interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) leading to the M phase (mitosis). The right panel provides a side-by-side analysis of mitosis versus meiosis, detailing parent cell (2n) division, chromosome count changes, occurrence in somatic or germ cells, and function
Posted on April 10, 2026April 10, 2026 Cell and Molecular Biology

Cell Division: Foundations, Mechanisms, and Modern Research

Explore the essential process of cell division. Learn about the history of cell theory, the mechanics of mitosis and meiosis, and how modern tools like flow cytometry are advancing cancer research. Read more

Infographic detailing an ELISPOT assay comparison of IFN-gamma production between wild-type and tumor-bearing mice, showing a suppressed immune response in the diseased group.
Posted on April 10, 2026April 10, 2026 Cell and Molecular Biology

ELISPOT Assay: Theory, Methodology, and Research Applications

Explore our comprehensive guide to the ELISPOT assay, the gold standard for detecting single-cell immune responses. Learn the history, core principles, and a detailed IFN-γ detection protocol for T and B cell research. Perfect for researchers and students seeking to master this highly sensitive, functional immunological method. Read more

Creating stable cell lines
Posted on April 1, 2026April 3, 2026 Cell and Molecular Biology Protocols and Techniques

Creating Stable Cell Lines: Step-by-Step Protocol, Applications, and FAQs

Learn the precise protocol for creating stable cell lines, explore diverse applications, and find answers to common FAQs. Read more

Posted on April 1, 2026April 3, 2026 Cell and Molecular Biology

Centrioles and its Roles

Explore the 9+3 microtubule structure of centrioles and the latest research on sperm centrosome remodeling in male infertility and embryo development. Read more

Infographic showing the complete plasmid purification process including bacterial culture growth, lysis, neutralization, DNA binding, washing, and elution, with quality control checks and applications.
Posted on March 20, 2026 Cell and Molecular Biology Protocols and Techniques

Plasmid Purification: A Step-by-Step Guide

Learn the plasmid purification protocol, including bacterial culture growth, lysis, column purification, and DNA verification. Read more

Posted on March 17, 2026March 24, 2026 Cell and Molecular Biology

Ion Channels in Cellular Signaling

Ion channels are integral membrane proteins that regulate the movement of ions across cellular membranes, thereby generating electrical signals and controlling numerous physiological processes. They... Read more

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